Robert Kegan – Reflections

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There are times when a person knows exactly what the right thing to do is — the path is clear, the rules are established, the conscience is alert — and yet, when the moment arrives, something inside resists. You may aim to stay calm, be polite, act honestly, or respond with grace, but when the test comes, your emotions surge faster than your values can anchor you. This quiet inner conflict is one of the most human struggles of all: when clarity of direction encounters resistance of the mind.

The Illusion of Arrival

We often think that once we set our moral rules — honesty, patience, kindness, humility — the goal is to “achieve” them, to reach perfection. But human growth doesn’t resemble climbing a mountain with a summit; it’s more like walking through an endless, ever-deepening valley. You never fully ‘become’ patient or completely honest; you just become more so. The very act of striving becomes the destination.

A teacher once said, “The journey itself is the arrival.” The day you stop striving, you stop living consciously. So, the frustration that you still lose your temper or still struggle to forgive is not proof of failure — it’s proof that your journey is alive.

Diagnosing the Real Blockers

When we fall short of our principles, our natural reaction is often guilt or regret: “I knew better; why couldn’t I do better?” But self-blame masks a deeper question: what is holding me back?

For one person, the barrier might be fear of rejection — “If I act differently, my friends or spouse may pull away.”
For another, it’s fear of loss — “If I stay honest, I’ll lose my advantage.”
For yet another, it’s cost intolerance — “The emotional or social price of doing the right thing is too heavy.”

These blockers aren’t sins; they are developmental thresholds. They reveal where your mind still negotiates between comfort and conscience.

A Simple Example: The Politeness Dilemma

Consider someone who genuinely strives to stay polite, even during heated family arguments. She practices mindfulness, repeats affirmations, prays for calm — yet, when her husband or child raises their voice, her own voice automatically gets louder. Later, she regrets it deeply.

At first glance, it appears to be a failure of self-control. But upon further reflection, two possibilities come to mind:

She lost consciousness — her emotions overwhelmed her awareness in that heated moment.
She remained conscious but couldn’t stop herself — a deeper conflict inside her fought against the rule she believed in.

The second case is particularly interesting. Even as she remembers, “I should remain polite,” another voice emerges: “If I stay polite, he’ll keep disrespecting me. He’ll take advantage of my weakness.”

That thought — subtle, unspoken, self-protective — becomes the real saboteur.

The Mind’s Hidden Immunity to Change

Robert Kegan and Lisa Lahey describe this as the “immunity to change.” It’s the mind’s innate resistance that guards us against perceived danger — even if the danger no longer exists. We develop mental models to cope with emotional threats.

For example:

If I don’t stand up for myself, I’ll be taken for granted.
“If I forgive too easily, people will exploit me.”
“If I stay calm, I’ll seem weak.”

Such beliefs might have been true once — maybe during childhood or an earlier painful relationship — but they quietly linger even as life changes. Therefore, every time the person tries to grow, these hidden commitments pull her back, shielding her from imaginary threats while depriving her of real peace.

Testing the Assumptions

Freedom begins when you name your assumptions. The next time you resist your own values, ask:

What am I afraid will happen if I act according to my principles?
Is that fear always true?
What would happen if I acted on faith rather than fear?

You might find that the world doesn’t fall apart when you choose calm instead of retaliation. Others might even respect you more, not less. Gradually, false assumptions lose their power, and the true purpose — to live rightly, not just to avoid being exploited — becomes more apparent.

A Personal Anecdote

I once counseled a young professional who wanted to stop responding harshly to his team’s mistakes. He knew it damaged morale and contradicted his values. Yet every time someone erred, anger flared up.

When we explored it, he realized his deeper belief was: “If I don’t get angry, they won’t take me seriously.” This was a model learned from his childhood — where only shouting got things done. Once he saw that, he began to experiment: giving feedback firmly but calmly. To his surprise, productivity improved. His mind had been protecting him from an outdated threat.

Re-anchoring the ‘Why’

Ultimately, the question is not “How can I stop being impolite?” but “Why do I want to be polite?”

If the goal is simply to avoid conflict or to seem virtuous, the resolve will break down under pressure. But if the goal is spiritual — to embody grace and to meet the Creator’s expectations — then the soul finds a deeper motivation. The effort becomes worship, not just performance.

The Journey of Becoming

The journey of self-reform isn’t a straight path but an ongoing dialogue between conscience and conditioning. Every stumble teaches humility; every recovery builds resilience. The route is visible — the principles are understood — but the mind must learn to surrender its fears and illusions along the way.

Growth doesn’t mean never stumbling; it means recognizing each stumble as part of the sacred journey home.

Reflection Prompt:

When was the last time you knew the right thing to do but couldn’t do it?
What hidden fear or belief might have resisted your better self?
And what would change if your “why” became stronger than your fear?

Introduction

After completing a training workshop[1], invariably I get calls from participants who express concern about why they tend to ignore practicing the different concepts they have learned, even after comprehending them and agreeing with them. For instance, they would ask why they face difficulty in practicing the various guidelines of “effective conversations” or “expressing appreciation and disagreements” in their everyday lives. The same phenomenon can also be observed in corporate trainings. Almost 90% of training workshops conducted in the corporate sector, rated very highly immediately after completion, fail to bring about any significant and consistent change in the participants. Why is it so? Are the participants so utterly devoid of commitment? Motivation? Will power? Does the problem lie with team cultures? Do organizational environments discourage such transformations? Or is the resistance to making a change a natural phenomenon?

My short answer to such questions is that reading and understanding a book on Emotional Intelligence and being Emotionally Intelligent are two entirely different phenomena requiring different capacities from us. A more detailed answer, however, is given below:

There are two kinds of problems we face: “Technical Challenges” and “Adaptive Challenges.”[2]

In a Technical challenge, the skillset required to overcome the challenge is generally well-known. A strong desire to overcome the challenge, access to the necessary information about the skillset, the opportunity to learn that skillset, and a commitment to put in the required effort are likely to allow one to overcome such challenges[3].

Adaptive challenges, on the other hand, require a change in the mindset, attitudes, assumptions, and beliefs of the person trying to tackle them[4]. It may be interesting to note that one’s mindset, attitudes, assumptions, and beliefs constitute one’s psychological “self” or “identity.” As a result, overcoming an Adaptive challenge, in a way, puts one’s current psychological “self” and “identity” at risk. This is where our “psychological immune system” comes into play.

Like its biological counterpart, which protects our biological “identity” and “self,” our psychological immune system protects our psychological “identity” and “self.”

When we tackle Adaptive challenges, our psychological immune system is on high alert to protect us from destroying our psychological “self” and “identity” and to protect us from the consequent psychological pain, suffering, or even “death.” Also, like the biological immune system – which, for instance, can severely obstruct adaptability in organ transplants and, thus, work against the very system it was meant to protect – our psychological immune system, if not kept in check, can block any changes we know are desirable and, sometimes, even necessary for our psychological growth and wellbeing.

Overcoming an Adaptive challenge requires one to be committed to learning a new behavior, on the one hand, while also being willing to risk one’s current identity and psychological “self” to develop a new and improved identity and psychological “self,” on the other.

Another aspect of Technical and Adaptive challenges that makes the situation more complex is that some challenges can be Technical for one person and Adaptive for another. One person may find it sufficient to get information about maintaining a healthy lifestyle for actually maintaining one. Another person may have all the information about maintaining a healthy lifestyle but find it irresistible to avoid eating sweets whenever they are in sight.

The difference between Adaptive and Technical challenges makes it imperative that we 1) recognize them as two separate challenges, 2) know how to diagnose and separate them from each other, and 3) treat them differently.

For Technical problems, the solution lies in disseminating and delivering the required information by organizing training programs and workshops. Adaptive problems, on the other hand, require us to make conscious and intentional alterations in our mindsets, attitudes, assumptions, and beliefs.

But how does one achieve that?

Two developmental psychologists at Harvard – Robert Kegan and Lisa L. Lahey – and their colleagues developed and refined the answer to this question. Our workshop, “Overturning our Immunity to Change,” is based on their answer.

Video Introduction

[1] The topics of my workshops are generally related to character development and moral uplifting.

[2] See “The Practice of Adaptive Leadership” by Ronald Heifetz

[3] Such challenges may include learning to fly a plane, becoming a chef, a surgeon, a typist, reading a book on Emotional Intelligence, etc.

[4] Such challenges may include being more emotionally intelligent, developing a healthy lifestyle, being more mindful of the impact of one’s actions on others, overcoming an addiction, being more empathic with oneself and others, etc.

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The Path Is Clear, but the Mind Resists the Journey